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The Acoustically Navigated Geological Underwater Survey (ANGUS) is a deep-towed still-camera sled operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute(WHOI) in the early 1970s. It is the first unmanned research vehicle made by WHOI.〔“Ships & Technology used during the Titanic Expeditions” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution March 1, 2012〕 ANGUS is encased in a large steel frame designed to explore rugged volcanic terrain able to withstand high impact collisions.〔Lindop L. (2006) Venturing the Deep Sea pp37-41〕 It is fitted with three 35 mm color cameras with of film. Together its three cameras are able to photograph a strip of the sea floor with a width up to . Attached with each camera are strobe lights allowing the cameras to see the ocean floor from to above.〔 On the bottom of the body is a downward facing sonar system to send the height of the sled above the ocean floor to the monitoring scientists.〔 It is capable of working in depths up to 〔Porteaus J. (1986). VETERAN ANGUS ''Oceans''. Vol. 19, Issue 1, 23.〕 able to reach roughly 98% of the sea floor.〔 ANGUS can remain in the deep ocean for work sessions of 12 to 14 hours at a time, taking up to 16,000 photographs in one session.〔Yount L. (2006) Modern Marine Science: Exploring the Deep. pp 133-136〕 ANGUS was often used to scout locations of interest to later be explored and sampled by other vehicles such as ''Argo'' or ''Alvin''. It has been used to search for and photograph underground geysers and the creatures living near them and is equipped with a heat sensor to alert the tether-ship when it passes over one.〔 It was used on expeditions such as Project FAMOUS (French-American Mid Ocean Undersea Study 1973-1974), The Discovery expedition with ''Argo'', to survey the wreckage of the ''Titanic''.〔 (1985), and again in the return mission to the ''Titanic'' (1986). ANGUS is the only ''ROV'' used on both dives to the ''Titanic''. On Project FAMOUS ANGUS helped change scientists views of the ocean floor. It showed them how different geological formations and chemical compositions of sediments can be, disproving previous assumptions of ocean floor uniformity 〔Hammond A. (1975) Project FAMOUS: Exploring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 'Science' Vol. 187 no. 4179, 823-825.〕 The project also provided new insight to the theory of seafloor spreading by observing and sampling the rock formations around ridges and the horizontal formation of layers parallel to the ridge.〔 In another 1977 expedition, with ANGUS scientists monitored temperatures over the ocean floor for any fluctuation. It was not until late at night the crew noticed temperatures rise drastically. They would review the photograph footage taken after the vehicles session.〔 ANGUS provided the first photographic evidence for hydrothermal vents and black smokers.〔 It had returned with over 3000 colored photos showing both vents as well as colonies of clams and other organisms.〔 They would later return with ''Alvin'' to take samples. Along the expeditions scientists nicknamed ANGUS "Dope on a rope" 〔 due to its durability and lack of fragile sensors. It was also given the motto "takes a lickin, but it keeps on clicken". ANGUS was retired in the late 1980s having compleated over 250 voyages.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Acoustically Navigated Geological Underwater Survey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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